1class Currency:
  2    '''
  3    Represents currencies used in election contexts.
  4    '''
  5    def __init__(self, name, exchange_rate): 
  6        '''
  7        Initializes the currency.
  8        
  9        :param name: Name of the currency
 10        :param exchange_rate: Units required for 1 vote
 11        '''
 12        self.name = name
 13        self.exchange_rate = exchange_rate
 14
 15    def __str__(self):
 16        return f"Name: {self.name}, Exchange rate: {self.exchange_rate}"
 17
 18    def __eq__(self, other):
 19        # Check if the other object is also a Currency type
 20        if not isinstance(other, Currency):
 21            return False
 22        
 23        return self.name == other.name and self.exchange_rate == other.exchange_rate
 24
 25class PoliticalParty:
 26    '''
 27    Defines the properties and behavior of a political party.
 28    '''
 29    def __init__(self, name, motto, members=None, preferred_currency=None):
 30        self.name = name
 31        self._motto = motto
 32        self.members = members
 33        self.preferred_currency = preferred_currency
 34
 35    def __str__(self):
 36        #return f"Name: {self.name}, Motto: {self.motto}, Members: {self.members}, Preferred currency: {self.preferred_currency}"
 37        return self.name
 38
 39    @property
 40    def motto(self):
 41        '''
 42        Allows reading the motto via party.motto without modification
 43        '''
 44        return self._motto
 45
 46    def convert_currency_to_voters(self, amount, currency):
 47        '''
 48        Converts a given amount of currency into a number of voters.
 49
 50        If this is the party's preferred currency, its efficiency doubles, 
 51        allowing it to acquire twice as many votes.
 52        '''
 53        if self.preferred_currency == currency:
 54            return int(amount / currency.exchange_rate) * 2
 55        else:
 56            return int(amount / currency.exchange_rate)
 57
 58    def __add__(self, other):
 59        '''
 60        Merges two parties to create and return a new Coalition instance.
 61        '''
 62        return Coalition(self, other)
 63
 64    
 65class Coalition:
 66    '''
 67    Represents an electoral coalition of political parties.
 68    '''
 69    def __init__(self, *parties):
 70        self.parties = parties
 71
 72    def __str__(self):
 73
 74        names = [str(party) for party in self.parties]
 75
 76        return "-".join(names) 
 77
 78    @property
 79    def members(self):
 80        return {party.name: party.members for party in self.parties}
 81
 82    def __add__(self, other):
 83        '''
 84        Merges two coalitions or a coalition with a party.
 85        '''
 86        if isinstance(other, PoliticalParty):
 87            return Coalition(*self.parties, other)
 88        elif isinstance(other, Coalition):
 89            return Coalition(*self.parties, *other.parties)
 90        
 91
 92class Elections:
 93    '''
 94    Handles the organization and execution of the election process.
 95    '''
 96    
 97    all_elections = []
 98
 99    def __init__(self, year):
100        self.year = year
101        self.contestants = dict()
102        Elections.all_elections.append(self)
103
104    def register_party_or_coalition(self, contestant):
105        self.contestants[contestant] = 0
106
107    def vote(self, contestant):
108        self.contestants[contestant] += 1
109
110    def rig_elections(self, contestant, amount, currency):
111        amount_bought = 0
112        
113        if isinstance(contestant, PoliticalParty):
114            amount_bought = contestant.convert_currency_to_voters(amount, currency)
115        else:
116            found = False
117            for party in contestant.parties:
118                if currency == party.preferred_currency:
119                    found = True
120                    amount_bought = party.convert_currency_to_voters(amount, currency)
121                    break
122            
123            if not found:
124                amount_bought = int(amount / currency.exchange_rate)
125        
126        self.contestants[contestant] += amount_bought   
127
128    def get_results(self):
129        return {str(contestant): votes for contestant, votes in self.contestants.items()}
130    
131    @classmethod
132    def get_results_by_year(cls, year):
133        for election in cls.all_elections:
134            if election.year == year:
135                return election.get_results()